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- Yom Kippur / day of atonement is rich with spiritual significance and
meaning. Some of the major themes associated with Yom Kippur / day of
atonement are as follows:
- 1) Yom Kippur --- The Day of
Atonement
- 2) Face to Face
- 3) The Day (or the Great Day)
- 4) The Fast
- 5) The Great Shofar
- 6) Neilah (the closing of the
gates)
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- The Hebrew word for atonement, “Kippur” is the Strong’s number
<3725>. The Hebrew word “Kippur”
comes from the Hebrew root word “Kaphar” (Strong’s number <3722>)
which means, “to cover, purge, make atonement, make reconciliation,
forgive, appease, pacify, or pardon.”
- Yom Kippur is the designated day in the Bible for the God of Israel to
forgive His people from their sins.
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- The Midrash Seder Olam Rabbah 6 gives the chronology of the period
between receiving the Torah at Mount Sinai and the following tenth day
of Tishrei (Yom Kippur).
- On the sixth day of Sivan the Ten commandments were given. On the seventh
day of Sivan, Moses / Moshe ascended the mountain. Moshe remained on the
mountain for forty days and forty nights.
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- On the fortieth day, which was the seventeenth of Tammuz, he descended
where he found the nation of Israel sinning with the Golden Calf and
broke the luchos (tablets containing the Ten Commandments).
- Moshe ascended the mountain the second time on the eighteenth of Tammuz
to seek compassion from the God of Israel because of the sin of the
Golden Calf.
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- Moshe remained on the mountain for another period of forty days and forty
nights.
- After that time, Moshe descended on the twenty-eighth of Av and hewed a second
set of tablets. On the twenty-ninth of Av, Moshe ascended Mount Sinai a third
time.
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- 6th 7th (40 days/nights) 17th (40 days/nights) 28th 29th 10th
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- Deuteronomy 10:10 And I stayed in the mount, according to the first time,
forty days and forty nights [seventh of Sivan to the seventeenth of
Tammuz]; and the LORD hearkened unto me at that time also, and the LORD
would not destroy you.
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- Moshe descended from Mount Sinai the third time on the tenth of Tishrei
which would become Yom Kippur. Therefore, this day was established as a
decree and remembrance for all generations. In Leviticus / Vayikra 16:34
it is written:
- Leviticus 16:34 And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make
an atonement for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year.
And he did as the Lord commanded Moses.
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- Yom Kippur is a day of “afflicting your soul.” (Leviticus / Vayikra
23:27). Traditional Orthodox Jewish interpretation, custom and
application of this verse is that Yom Kippur is a day of refraining from
all bodily pleasures.
- The rabbis interpret that there are five major Yom Kippur afflictions.
They are: abstaining from eating, drinking, washing or anointing the body,
wearing leather shoes and marital relations.
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- It is an Orthodox Jewish custom of wearing white clothing on Yom Kippur
which is meant to emulate the ministering angels. Some people wear a kittle
which is a white robe worn over
the clothing.
- It is an Orthodox Jewish custom that the kittel should NOT be decorated
with gold because gold recalls the sin of the golden calf and Yom Kippur
is a day of divine forgivement from the God of Israel.
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- The ministering angels of the God of Israel wear white clothing. During
the events of the resurrection of Yeshua in Matthew / Mattityahu 28:2-3
it is written:
- Matthew 28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of
the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled back the stone from
the door, and sat upon it.
- Matthew 28:3 His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white
as snow:
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- White garments are symbolic of forgiveness
of our sins.
- Leviticus 13:17 And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if the plague
be turned into white; then the priest shall pronounce him clean that has
the plague: he is clean.
- Ecclesiastes 9:8 Let your garments be always white; and let your head
lack no ointment.
- Isaiah 1:18 Come now, and let us reason together, says the Lord: though your
sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red
like crimson, they shall be as wool.
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- White garments are symbolic of purity and righteous deeds. The Bride of
Messiah is an overcomer whose sins are forgiven, is pure in heart and
who has righteous deeds.
- Revelation 3:4 You have a few names even in Sardis which have not defiled
their garments; and they shall walk with me in white: for they are
worthy.
- Revelation 3:5 He that overcomes, the same shall be clothed in white
raiment; and I will not blot out his name out of the book of life but I
will confess his name before my Father and before his angels.
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- Revelation 19:7 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for
the marriage of the Lamb is come and his wife has made herself ready.
- Revelation 19:8 And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine
linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of
saints.
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- The ceremony of the High Priest on Yom Kippur is detailed in Leviticus /
Vayikra 16. The primary purpose of this ceremony is to bring atonement
for the entire nation of Israel for their sins committed during the
previous year.
- Leviticus 16:30 For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for
you, to cleanse you, that you may be clean from all your sins before the
Lord.
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- Yeshua is the great High Priest (Cohen HaGadol) of the redeemed nation
of Israel.
- Hebrews 3:1 Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling,
consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Messiah Yeshua
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- Hebrews 4:14 Seeing then that we have a great high priest that is passed
into the heavens, Yeshua the Son of God let us hold fast our profession.
- Hebrews 4:15 For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with
the feeling of our infirmities but was in all points tempted like as we
are, yet without sin.
- Hebrews 4:16 Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace that
we may obtain mercy and find grace to help in time of need.
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- Yeshua makes intercession for His people.
- Romans 8:34 Who is he that condemns? It is Messiah that died, yea
rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God who
also makes intercession for us.
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- One of the Hebrew words for repentance is Teshuvah. Teshuvah comes from
the Hebrew root word, “Shuv”. Shuv is the Strong’s number <7725>.
which means, ‘to return, turn back, to restore, refresh or repair’
- The rabbis teach that the God of Israel created the concept of repentance
before He created the universe (Nedarim 39b) because the God of Israel
would not create the world knowing that man would sin without giving man
an opportunity to repent from his sin.
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- In Mishneh Torah Hilchos Teshuvah 1:1, Rambam (Moses Maimonides)
explains that should a person transgress any commandment of the Torah
whether positive or negative, whether intentionally or inadvertently and
desires to repent from his sin, he should must make a verbal confession
of that sin.
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- Numbers 5:5 And the Lord spake unto Moses saying
- Numbers 5:6 Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall
commit any sin that men commit to do a trespass against the Lord and
that person be guilty;
- Numbers 5:7 Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and
he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof and add unto it the fifth part thereof
and give it unto him against whom he has trespassed.
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- Psalm 32:5 I acknowledged my sin unto you and mine iniquity have I not
hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the Lord; and you forgave
the iniquity of my sin.
- Proverbs 28:13 He that covers his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesses
and forsakes them shall have mercy.
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- 1 John 1:8 If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the
truth is not in us.
- 1 John 1:9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us
our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
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- There cannot truly be total repentance without confession of our sin.
- When King David sinned with Bathsheba, the God of Israel sent the
prophet Nathan to rebuke him (II Samuel 12:1-12). After Nathan’s rebuke
of King David, David replied with these words in II Samuel 12:13 it is
written:
- 2 Samuel 12:13 And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the
Lord ...
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- Before David confessed that he had sinned against the God of Israel,
there is a blank space in the Hebrew text.
- The Vilna Gaon explains the significance of the blank space before
David’s response. There was a silence after Nathan’s stern words. David
was engaged in an inner struggle. He could have justified his deed ...
or admit that the prophet was
right. Finally, David made his
decision. He said: “I have sinned”.
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- David’s response remains a prototype of confession and repentance.
David’s lengthy confession and prayer to the God of Israel is recorded
in Psalm / Tehillim 51.
- Repentance must have serious thought, frank admission and verbal expression
of how we have sinned and how we hope to improve in the future (ArtScroll
Mesorah: Yom Kippur Ashkenaz Machzor, page 69)
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- Psalm 51:1 {To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, when Nathan the
prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba.} Have mercy
upon me, O God, according to your lovingkindness: according unto the
multitude of your tender mercies blot out my transgressions.
- Psalm 51:2 Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity and cleanse me from my
sin.
- Psalm 51:3 For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever
before me.
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- Psalm 51:4 Against you, you only, have I sinned, and done this evil in
your sight: that you might be justified when you speak and be clear when
you judge.
- Psalm 51:5 Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother
conceive me.
- Psalm 51:6 Behold, you desire truth in the inward parts: and in the
hidden part you shall make me to know wisdom.
- Psalm 51:7 Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean: wash me and I
shall be whiter than snow.
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- Psalm 51:8 Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which you
have broken may rejoice.
- Psalm 51:9 Hide your face from my sins and blot out all mine iniquities.
- Psalm 51:10 Create in me a clean heart, O God and renew a right spirit
within me.
- Psalm 51:11 Cast me not away from thy presence and take not your holy
spirit from me.
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- Psalm 51:12 Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with
your free spirit.
- Psalm 51:13 Then will I teach transgressors your ways; and sinners shall
be converted unto you.
- Psalm 51:14 Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, thou God of my
salvation: and my tongue shall sing aloud of your righteousness.
- Psalm 51:15 O Lord, open thou my lips and my mouth shall show forth your
praise.
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- Psalm 51:16 For you desire not sacrifice else would I give it: you
delight not in burnt offering.
- Psalm 51:17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a
contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.
- Psalm 51:18 Do good in thy good pleasure unto Zion: build you the walls
of Jerusalem.
- Psalm 51:19 Then shall you be pleased with the sacrifices of
righteousness, with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then shall
they offer bullocks upon your altar.
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- The Torah says that we must confess our sins and the sins of our
forefathers.
- Leviticus 26:38 And you shall perish among the heathen and the land of
your enemies shall eat you up.
- Leviticus 26:39 And they that are left of you shall pine away in their
iniquity in your enemies' lands and also in the iniquities of their
fathers shall they pine away with them.
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- Leviticus 26:40 If they shall confess their iniquity, and the iniquity
of their fathers, with their trespass which they trespassed against me,
and that also they have walked contrary unto me;
- Leviticus 26:41 And that I also have walked contrary unto them, and have
brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised
hearts be humbled and they then accept of the punishment of their
iniquity:
- Leviticus 26:42 Then will I remember my covenant with Jacob and also my
covenant with Isaac, and also my covenant with Abraham will I remember;
and I will remember the land.
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- Nehemiah confessed his sins and the sins of his forefathers.
- Nehemiah 1:2 That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men
of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped which
were left of the captivity and concerning Jerusalem.
- Nehemiah 1:3 And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity
there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of
Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with
fire.
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- Nehemiah 1:4 And it came to pass, when I heard these words that I sat
down and wept and mourned certain days and fasted, and prayed before the
God of heaven
- Nehemiah 1:5 And said, I beseech you, O LORD God of heaven, the great
and terrible God, that keeps covenant and mercy for them that love him
and observe his commandments:
- Nehemiah 1:6 Let your ear now be attentive and your eyes open that you
may hear the prayer of your servant which I pray before you now day and
night for the children of Israel your servants and confess the sins of
the children of Israel which we have sinned against you: both I and my
father's house have sinned.
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- Daniel confessed his sins and the sins of his forefathers. In Daniel 9:2-5, 8,
11, 15, 19 it is written:
- Daniel 9:2 In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books
the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah
the prophet that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of
Jerusalem.
- Daniel 9:3 And I set my face unto the Lord God to seek by prayer and
supplications with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes:
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- Daniel 9:4 And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession,
and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God keeping the covenant and
mercy to them that love him and to them that keep his commandments;
- Daniel 9:5 We have sinned and have committed iniquity and have done
wickedly and have rebelled even by departing from your precepts and from
your judgments:
- Daniel 9:8 O Lord, to us belongs confusion of face to our kings, to our
princes, and to our fathers because we have sinned against you.
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- Daniel 9:11 Yea, all Israel have transgressed your Torah, even by
departing, that they might not obey your voice; therefore the curse is
poured upon us and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the
servant of God because we have sinned against him.
- Daniel 9:15 And now, O Lord our God, that have brought your people forth
out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand and hast gotten you renown,
as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
- Daniel 9:19 O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do; defer
not, for your own sake, O my God: for your city and your people are
called by your name.
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- Jeroboam built a golden calf system of worship and didn’t obey the Torah
of the God of Israel. Jeroboam set up a substitute place of worship, a
substitute priesthood and substitute holidays. In 1 Kings / Melachim
12:25-33 it is written:
- 1 Kings 12:25 Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim and dwelt
therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel.
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- 1 Kings 12:26 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom
return to the house of David:
- 1 Kings 12:27 If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the Lord
at Jerusalem then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their
lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah and they shall kill me and go
again to Rehoboam king of Judah.
- 1 Kings 12:28 Whereupon the king took counsel and made two calves of gold
and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold
thy gods, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.
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- 1 Kings 12:29 And he set the one in Bethel and the other put he in Dan.
- 1 Kings 12:30 And this thing became a sin: for the people went to
worship before the one, even unto Dan.
- 1 Kings 12:31 And he made an house of high places and made priests of
the lowest of the people which were not of the sons of Levi.
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- The children of Israel worshipped Ashtaroth, the goddess of sex and fertility.
- Judges 2:11 And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord
and served Baalim:
- Judges 2:12 And they forsook the LORD God of their fathers which brought
them out of the land of Egypt and followed other gods of the gods of the
people that were round about them and bowed themselves unto them and
provoked the Lord to anger.
- Judges 2:13 And they forsook the Lord and served Baal and Ashtaroth.
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- The children of Israel set up asherah trees. In Jeremiah / Yermiyahu
10:1-4 it is written:
- Jeremiah 10:1 Hear ye the word which the LORD speaks unto you, O house
of Israel:
- Jeremiah 10:2 Thus says the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen and
be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at
them.
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- Jeremiah 10:3 For the customs of the people are vain: for one cuts a tree
out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman with the axe.
- Jeremiah 10:4 They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it
with nails and with hammers that it move not.
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- Jeroboam feared the God of Israel but not by keeping His Torah and
commandments.
- 2 Kings 17:32 So they feared the Lord and made unto themselves of the lowest
of them priests of the high places which sacrificed for them in the
houses of the high places.
- 2 Kings 17:33 They feared the Lord and served their own gods, after the
manner of the nations whom they carried away from thence.
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- As a penalty for the sins of our forefathers, the God of Israel took
from us the celebration of the sabbath, new moon and annual holidays. In
Hosea / Hoshea 2:2, 5, 11 it is written:
- Hosea 2:2 Plead with your mother, plead: for she is not my wife, neither
am I her husband: let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her
sight and her adulteries from between her breasts
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- Hosea 2:5 For their mother has played the harlot: she that conceived
them has done shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers that
give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my
drink.
- Hosea 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her
new moons, and her sabbaths and all her solemn feasts.
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- In the end of days, we will realize that our fathers have not kept the
Torah of the God of Israel and have inherited lies.
- Jeremiah 16:19 O Lord, my strength, and my fortress, and my refuge in
the day of affliction, the Gentiles shall come unto thee from the ends
of the earth, and shall say, Surely our fathers have inherited lies,
vanity, and things wherein there is no profit.
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- Romans 10:9 That if you shall confess with your mouth YHVH Yeshua and
shall believe in your heart that God has raised him from the dead you
shall be saved.
- Romans 10:10 For with the heart man believes unto righteousness; and
with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
- 1 John 4:15 Whosoever shall confess that Yeshua is the Son of God, God
dwells in him and he in God.
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- Philippians 2:9 Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him and given him
a name which is above every name:
- Philippians 2:10 That at the name of Yeshua every knee should bow, of things
in heaven, and things in earth and things under the earth;
- Philippians 2:11 And that every tongue should confess that Yeshua
HaMashiach is YHVH to the glory of God the Father.
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- By confessing and repenting of our sins, the blood of Yeshua cleanses us
from all our sins. In Matthew / Mattityahu 26:26-28 it is written:
- Matthew 26:26 And as they were eating, Yeshua took bread and blessed it
and brake it and gave it to the disciples and said: Take, eat; this is
my body.
- Matthew 26:27 And he took the cup and gave thanks, and gave it to them,
saying, Drink ye all of it;
- Matthew 26:28 For this is my blood of the new testament which is shed
for many for the remission of sins.
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- Revelation 1:5 And from Yeshua HaMashiach who is the faithful witness and
the first begotten of the dead and the prince of the kings of the earth.
Unto him that loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood
- Colossians 1:13 Who has delivered us from the power of darkness and has
translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son:
- Colossians 1:14 In whom we have redemption through his blood even the forgiveness
of sins:
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- The blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sin. In Hebrews 10:4 it it
written:
- Hebrews 10:4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats
should take away sins.
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- In the Talmud Sabbath 153a, Rabbi Eliezer encourages us to to spend each
day in repentance.
- R Eliezer said: Repent one day before your death.
- His disciples asked him, Does then one know on what day he will die?
- Then all the more reason that he repent to‑day, he replied, lest
he die to‑morrow and thus his whole life is spent in repentance.
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- In Hebrews 3:15 it is written:
- Hebrews 3:15 While it is said, Today if you will hear his voice, harden
not your hearts, as in the provocation.
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- In Mishneh Torah Hilchos Teshuvah 1:3, 2:1 Rambam (Moses Maimonides)
explains that if one has been wicked for his entire life but repents at
the end of his life, he is forgiven. In Ezekiel / Yechezekel 33:12 it is
written:
- Ezekiel 33:12 … the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall thereby
in the day that he turns from his wickedness
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61
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- The thief who hung on the tree beside Yeshua was forgiven of his sin. In
Luke 23:39-43 it is written:
- Luke 23:39 And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him,
saying, If you be Mashiach, save yourself and us.
- Luke 23:40 But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Do not you fear
God seeing you are in the same condemnation?
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- Luke 23:41 And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our
deeds: but this man has done nothing amiss.
- Luke 23:42 And he said unto Yeshua YHVH, remember me when you come into
your kingdom.
- Luke 23:43 And Yeshua said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shall
you be with me in paradise.
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- In Mishneh Torah Hilchos Teshuvah
2:1 Rambam (Moses Maimonides) explains that somebody who does complete
repentance / teshuvah is someone who has sinned and is faced with the same
opportunity to repeat his sin but refrains from doing so because he
wishes to repent from that sin.
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- In Mishneh Torah Hilchos Teshuvah 2:2 Rambam (Moses Maimonides) explains
that a sinner should abandon his sinfulness, drive it from his thoughts
and conclude in his heart that he will never do it again.
- Isaiah 55:7 Let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his
thoughts: and let him return unto the Lord and he will have mercy upon
him; and to our God for he will abundantly pardon.
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- Through the righteousness of Yeshua the Messiah and His shed blood on
the tree, our sins can be forgiven and we can be righteous in the eyes
of YHVH the Father. In Romans 3:24-26 it is written:
- Romans 3:24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption
that is in Messiah Yeshua:
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- Romans 3:25 Whom God has set forth to be a propitiation through faith in
his blood to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that
are past through the forbearance of God;
- Romans 3:26 To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he
might be just, and the justifier of him which believes in Yeshua.
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- In II Corinthians 5:21 it is written:
- 2 Corinthians 5:21 For he has made him to be sin for us, who knew no
sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
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- In Mishneh Torah Hilchos Teshuvah 2:9, Rambam (Moses Maimonides)
explains that Teshuvah and Yom Kippur only atones for sins between man
and the God of Israel but sins between one man and another are not
forgiven until one gives the other his due and appeases him. This
thought is also found in Talmud Yoma 85b.
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- Yeshua taught that we should be reconciled with our brother before we
approach the altar of the God of Israel for forgiveness. In Matthew / Mattityahu 5:23-24 it is
written:
- Matthew 5:23 Therefore if you bring your gift to the altar and there
remember that your brother has ought against thee;
- Matthew 5:24 Leave there your gift before the altar, and go thy way;
first be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.
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- In Matthew / Mattityahu 6:14-15, Yeshua taught us about forgiving others
as it is written:
- Matthew 6:14 For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly
Father will also forgive you:
- Matthew 6:15 But if you forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your
Father forgive your trespasses.
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- In Matthew / Mattityahu 18:21-22, Yeshua taught us about forgiving
others as it is written:
- Matthew 18:21 Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how often shall my
brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?
- Matthew 18:22 Yeshua says unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven
times: but, Until seventy times seven.
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73
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- Yeshua taught us a parable regarding forgiving others if we want to be
forgiven by our Heavenly Father. In Matthew / Mattityahu 18:23-35 it is
written:
- Matthew 18:23 Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain
king which would take account of his servants.
- Matthew 18:24 And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him
which owed him ten thousand talents.
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- Matthew 18:25 But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him
to be sold and his wife and children and all that he had and payment to
be made.
- Matthew 18:26 The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying,
Lord, have patience with me and I will pay thee all.
- Matthew 18:27 Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion
and loosed him and forgave him the debt.
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- Matthew 18:29 And his fellowservant fell down at his feet and besought
him, saying, Have patience with me and I will pay thee all.
- Matthew 18:30 And he would not: but went and cast him into prison till
he should pay the debt.
- Matthew 18:31 So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very
sorry and came and told unto their lord all that was done.
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- Matthew 18:32 Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto
him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because you
desired me:
- Matthew 18:33 Should not you also have had compassion on your fellowservant
even as I had pity on you?
- Matthew 18:34 And his lord was wroth and delivered him to the tormentors
till he should pay all that was due unto him.
- Matthew 18:35 So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you if
you from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.
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- Yeshua forgave those who crucified Him on the tree. In Luke 23:33-34 it
is written:
- Luke 23:33 And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary,
there they crucified him and the malefactors one on the right hand and
the other on the left.
- Luke 23:34 Then said Yeshua, Father, forgive them; for they know not
what they do. And they parted his raiment and cast lots.
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- There are three ways in which we can choose to repent. We can repent out
of love for the God of Israel. We can repent out of fear / reverence for
the God of Israel. We can repent to the God of Israel because of our
suffering.
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- In the Talmud Yoma 86a, 86b it is written:
- R. Hama b. Hanina said: Great is penitence, for it brings healing to the
world, as it is said: I will heal their backsliding, I will love then,
freely. (Hosea 14:4).
- R. Hama b. Hanina pointed out a contradiction: It is written : Return,
ye backsliding children, (Jeremiah / Yermiyahu 3:22) i.e., you who were
formerly backsliding; and it is written: I will heal your backsliding?
- He answered: This is no difficulty: in the one case the reference is
where they return out of love in the other, out of fear.
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- Rab Judah pointed out this contradiction: It is written: ‘Return ye
backsliding children , I will heal your backsliding’, but it is also
written: For I am a lord unto you. and I will take you one of a city.
and two of a family? (Jeremiah / Yermiyahu 3:14)
- This is no contradiction: The one verse speaks [of a return] out of love or fear; the other, when it comes
as a result of suffering.
- R. Jonathan said: Great is repentance, because it brings about
redemption, as it is said And a redeemer will come to Zion, and unto
them that turn from transgression in Jacob, (Isaiah / Yeshayahu 59:20) i.e., why will a redeemer come to Zion?
Because of those that turn from transgression in Jacob.
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- Because Yom Kippur is the most holy day of the Biblical year because the
entire day is spent fasting, praying and repenting, it is known as “The Day”.
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- Yom Kippur is a day of “afflicting your soul.” In Leviticus / Vayikra
23:27 it is written:
- Leviticus 23:27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall
be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and you
shall afflict your souls and offer an offering made by fire unto the
Lord.
- The children of Israel were afflicted with hunger in the wilderness. In
Deuteronomy / Devarim 8:3 it is written:
- Deuteronomy 8:3 And he humbled [afflicted in Hebrew] you and suffered
you to hunger ...
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- The rabbis in Orthodox Judaism teach that if someone is suffering from medical
condition or a potentially life-threatening illness then fasting on Yom
Kippur is forbidden for this person. In Leviticus / Vayikra 18:5 it is
written:
- Leviticus 18:5 You shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments:
which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the Lord.
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- In Deuteronomy / Devarim 4:15 it is written:
- Deuteronomy 4:15 And you shall be exceedingly careful to guard your
lives ...
- The purpose of keeping the commandments
is in order to live and guard our lives. Therefore, it is forbidden
to fast on Yom Kippur for those who would suffer an adverse medical
condition as a result of fasting.
- In addition, the rabbis teach that those under nine years of age should not
fast on Yom Kippur.
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- A Hebrew idiom for Yom Kippur is
“face to face”. When the high priest (Cohen HaGadol) went into the Holy
of Holies on Yom Kippur, he was in the divine presence of the God of
Israel. The Hebrew word for being in the presence of the God of Israel
is ~ynIP “panim” which means “face”.
- “Panim” is the Strong’s number <6440>. In Genesis / Bereishit 3:8
it is written:
- Genesis 3:8 And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the
garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from
the presence ~ynIP <6440>
of the Lord God among the trees of the garden.
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- Moshe was in the face / presence of the God of Israel when He was at
Mount Sinai. In Exodus / Shemot 33:11 it is written:
- Exodus 33:11 And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaks
unto his friend.
- “Face to Face” is the title of the chapter on Yom Kippur in Arthur
Waskow’s book, “Seasons of Our Joy.”
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- The final service of Yom Kippur
is known as “Neilah”. The Hebrew word “Neilah” means ‘closing or locking’.
- According to the Talmud, “Neilah” alludes to the closing of the Temple
gates at the end of the day. Neilah also refers to the closing of the gates
of heaven at nightfall when the day’s prayers are over (Yerushalmi,
Berachot 4:1).
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- According to Jewish tradition, the gates of heaven are opened on Rosh
HaShanah to receive our prayers of repentance for the season. According to Jewish tradition, the
moment of atonement is at the end of Yom Kippur at the time of the Neilah
service. On Rosh HaShanah, we are “inscribed” in the book of life. On Yom
Kippur during the “Neilah” service, we are “sealed” in the book of life.
- Believers in Yeshua the Messiah are sealed in the book of life by the Ruach
HaKodesh . In Ephesians 4:30 it is written:
- Ephesians 4:30 And grieve not the Holy Spirit of God, whereby you are sealed
unto the day of redemption.
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- At the conclusion of the “Neilah” service for Yom Kippur. A shofar is blown. This
shofar is known as the “great shofar”. This shofar is an allusion to the
‘Great Shofar’ that will be blown to gather the exiles of Israel and
announce the coming of the Messiah (ArtScroll Menorah Series, Yom
Kippur, page 765).
- In Isaiah / Yeshayahu 27:13 it is written:
- Isaiah 27:13 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the great trumpet
shall be blown and they shall come which were ready to perish in the
land of Assyria and the outcasts in the land of Egypt and shall worship
the Lord in the holy mount at Jerusalem.
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- Yeshua will return at His second coming at the sound of the great
shofar. In Matthew / Mattityahu 24:29-31 it is written:
- Matthew 24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the
sun be darkened and the moon shall not give her light and the stars
shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:
- Matthew 24:30 And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in
heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn and they shall
see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great
glory.
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- Matthew 24:31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet
and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds from one
end of heaven to the other.
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- On-Line Orders
- www.hebroots.org/hhmi.html
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Notes
